Guinea pigs are delightful companions that bring joy and life to any home. However, ensuring their wellbeing requires a good understanding of their specific needs. Proper care is essential for providing a high-quality life that’s full of happiness and mental stimulation for your pigs.
This guide will provide comprehensive advice to help you become a responsible and knowledgeable guinea pig owner.
Housing and Environment
Guinea pigs need a spacious and safe environment to live in. The minimum recommended cage size for two guinea pigs is 120 x 60 cm, but larger is always better as this will allow them to roam and have their separate spaces should they need it. The cage should be placed in a quiet area away from direct sunlight and draughts.
Ensure that the flooring is solid and covered with suitable bedding such as fleece liners or paper-based products, which are comfortable and easy to clean. Be sure to avoid any scented flooring options as these can cause respiratory issues, whilst wire and mesh floors can leave your furry friends suffering from foot problems such as bumblefoot.
Provide plenty of hiding spots, tunnels, and chew toys to keep them engaged and stimulated. Regularly rotate these items to maintain interest. Whilst they might initially seem exciting, it’s important not to include any exercise wheels or balls in your guinea pigs set up as these can create spinal and foot problems.
During colder months, additional insulation might be necessary to keep their living area warm, while in the summer, ensure good ventilation to prevent overheating.
Nutrition and Diet
A balanced diet is vital, with guinea pig hay being the most crucial component. This should make up at least 70% of their diet as it aids in digestion and promotes healthy teeth.
Fresh vegetables like bell peppers, carrots, and leafy greens should be offered daily, along with a small portion of high-quality pellets.
Vitamin C is also essential, as guinea pigs cannot produce it on their own. Include vegetables rich in vitamin C in their diet, such as kale and parsley.
Fresh water must always be available, preferably in a water bottle to keep it clean. Avoid feeding them sugary fruits or processed foods as these can lead to health issues.
Socialisation and Enrichment
Guinea pigs love to socialise, and thrive on companionship. It is recommended to keep them in pairs or small groups to prevent loneliness. When introducing new companions, do so gradually to avoid conflicts. Spend time interacting with them daily, talking gently, and handling them with care to build trust.
Enrichment activities are important for their wellbeing. Allow supervised floor time in a safe, enclosed area where they can explore. Providing cardboard boxes, tunnels, and chew toys can help mimic their natural behaviors and keep them mentally stimulated.
Health and Veterinary Care
Regular health checks can help catch any potential issues early. Monitor their weight weekly and watch for signs of illness, such as changes in eating habits, lethargy, or unusual behavior.
Guinea pigs do not require vaccinations, but they do need regular dental and nail care. Overgrown teeth can cause severe problems, so ensure they have plenty of things to chew on.
Find a vet experienced with guinea pigs for routine check-ups and emergencies. Common health issues include respiratory infections, dental problems, and vitamin C deficiency. Prompt veterinary attention can make a significant difference in their recovery.
